Ji Young Kim

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of young adults using the Youth Mental Health Center (YMHC) in South Korea to assess effectiveness and enhance comprehensive mental health services for this population. Methods: Ten participants were recruited through purposive sampling from a YMHC. Data were collected via in-depth interviews conducted between July and October 2024, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The analysis yielded 210 codes, 10 sub-themes, and four main themes: "Reconnecting with the World and Seeking Change," "A Journey of Recovery Begun Together," "Obstacles Still to Overcome," and "Emerging New Hope." Findings revealed that YMHCs serve as bridges connecting young adults with mental health issues to the community, providing refuge and opportunities for peer engagement that help restore broken social relationships. Professional assistance enabled participants to gain an accurate understanding of their challenges and initiate their recovery journeys. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of young adults' experiences with YMHCs. The findings can inform the development of effective programs tailored to the mental health needs of young adults, enhance service accessibility, and support policies aimed at improving mental health literacy and accessibility for this vulnerable population.

This study examines the patterns and determinants of private experiential learning among elementary school parents in Korea. Based on data from 3,218 participants in the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study (Phase II), latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression identified three parent types—indifferent, typical, and enthusiastic. The results revealed that: (1) the indifferent group was the largest, with limited participation across activities; (2) group differences were shaped by parental values emphasizing a balanced life for their children; and (3) demand was influenced more by household beliefs and economic conditions than by satisfaction with school-based career education. Policy suggestions include: (1) expanding school-led field trips; (2) reflecting parental values and needs in program design; and (3) enhancing access to foreign language experiential programs through public support. These findings offer practical implications for improving public school field trip systems in line with family-driven educational demands.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of early childhood teachers’ autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, and accountability on play implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum. Methods For data collection, 287 early childhood teachers in Gyeongnam were surveyed by questionnaires about autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, accountability, play implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum from 1 July 2024 to 5 August. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used by SPSS 27.0. Results First, early childhood teachers' autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, accountability, and play implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum showed significant difference by the teachers’ age, institutional type, age of the class in charge, number of young children in the class. Second, there were significant positive correlation between teachers’ autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, accountability, and play implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum. Third, early childhood teachers’ autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, and accountability had significant effect on the play implementation 2019 revised Nuri curriculum. Conclusions In order to promote early childhood teachers' play implementation 2019 revised Nuri curriculum, it is important to increase the level of autonomy of curriculum operation, professionalism, and accountability, and teacher education should be supported for this.

Abstract Background: RESCUE is a prospective, international, multicenter health care study on risk assessment by the clinicomolecular test EndoPredict® and long-term patient outcome in early luminal breast cancer. For patients (pt) with early luminal breast cancer, precise national and international guidelines on (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy exist. Nevertheless, especially regarding endocrine therapies, treatment landscape has been shown to be heterogeneous in real world. Objective: By analyzing baseline and follow up data from RESCUE, we describe the current (neo)adjuvant treatment landscape for pt with ER+ HER2neg early-stage breast cancer including: type of endocrine agents used, addition of GnRH analogs (GnRHAa)/ovarian function suppression (OFS) to ET in premenopausal pt, use of chemotherapy and use of bone modifying agents (Bisphoshonates or Denosumab) in the adjuvant setting. Methods: Data from pt, who entered the RESCUE trial between July 2018 and September 2022 at 45 (42 German/3 Swiss) breast centers were collected via electronic case report forms. Pt were eligible, if they had been diagnosed with HR+/HER2- primary invasive breast cancer stage I/II, T1 to T3 with 0 to 3 positive lymph nodes and if they had an EndoPredict®-test within six months before inclusion. Results: 1143 pt were analyzed. Median age was 57,0 years (range26,0-82,0). 614 pt(53,7%) were classified as pN0. Tumor-Grading was reported as follows: G1 (137pt, 12,0%), G2 (893pt, 78,1%), G3 (111pt, 9,7%). Distribution of Ki-67 was recorded as follows: £10% (228pt, 20,0%), 11-24% (162pt, 14,2%), 325% (753pt,65,9%). Of the 1134 female pt, 394 were premenopausal and 734 postmenopausal. Systemic treatment recommendations given by the centers´ documented tumor board decisions were as follows: 62,9% (n=248) of premenopausal pt and 61,0% (n=448) of postmenopausal pt were recommended to undergo (neo)adjuvant Chemotherapy (CTX). In the premenopausal cohort, the choice of ET recommendation included an GnRHa/OFS in 14,5% of cases (57pt). In these 57 pt, GnRHa/OFS was recommended to be combined with an aromatase inhibitor as initial ET in 15 cases (3,8% of premenopausal pt) and with tamoxifen in 41 cases (10,4% of premenopausal pt). 47 pt (82,5%) of the 57 pt with GnRHa/OFS-recommendation and 183 pt (54,3%) of the 337 pt without GnRHa/OFS-recommendation were recommended to undergo (neo)adjuvant CTX. Bone modifying agents (Bisphosphonates or Denosumab) were recommended in 10,2% of premenopausal and 32,7% postmenopausal pt. Follow up data on actually received ET (including +/- GnRH) and CTX (including +/- anthracyclines) will be presented in detail. Conclusion: These real world data show that in spite of existing guideline recommendations for the use of GnRHa/OFS in premenopausal women with early luminal breast cancer at higher risk for relapse, this is not routinely implemented. Therefore, regarding the ET recommendation, this patient cohort might be undertreated. Follow up data on actually received ET (including +/- GnRH) and CTX (including +/- anthracyclines) will be presented in detail. Sponsor: The study is sponsored by the North-Eastern-German Society of Gynecological Oncology (NOGGO) e.V. Citation Format: Johannes Ettl, Evelyn Klein, Christine Heinz, Ji Young Kim, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Carsten Denkert, Stefan Paepke, Christine Mau, Katja Gnausch, Jasmin Yamamoto, Sven-Thomas Graßhoff, Tilmann Lantzsch, Cornelia Meisel, Kay Friedrichs, Andreas Schnelzer, Stephan Seitz, Axel Gatzweiler, Sirrka Kluge, Markus Borner, Pamela Lammert, Anke Kleine-Tebbe, Anja Pelzl, Dorothea Fischer, Amelie Bletscher, Christian Schindlbeck, Carmen Schade-Brittinger, Michael Wittenberg, Marion Kiechle. Current Endocrine/Systemic Treatment Landscape of ER+ HER2 negative early-stage Breast Cancer: First Data from the RESCUE trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-10.

Objectives This study sought to explore the relationship between non-suicide self-injury, pain patience, and anger ruminants in Korean university students who experienced interpersonal trauma, and verify the parallel mediating effect of pain patience and anger ruminants in the relationship between interpersonal trauma experience. Methods Based on prior research and a literature review, a model was established in which distress tolerance and anger rumination parallelly mediate the relationship between interpersonal trauma experiences and non-suicidal self-injury among college students. To test this model, an online survey was conducted with 304 male and female adults in their 20s, currently enrolled in domestic universities, over five days from September 23 to September 27, 2022. Data cleaning, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 23. Subsequently, the parallel mediation effects were tested using Process Macro 4.1, specifically employing Model 4. Results The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of correlation analysis, interpersonal trauma experience showed a static correlation between non-suicidal self-injury and anger ruminant, and an inappropriate correlation with pain tolerance. Non-suicidal self-injury showed a static correlation with ruminations of anger, and an inappropriate correlation with endurance of bitter pain. Patience of pain showed an inappropriate correlation with ruminations of anger. Second, as a result of the verification of the parallel mediating effect, the pain tolerance was mediated in the relationship between interpersonal trauma and non-suicide self-injury, but the anger ruminant was not mediated. Conclusions This suggests that university students' personal trauma experience may be a healing factor in pain and tolerance in relation to non-suicidal self-injury.

Abstract We conducted a between‐subjects experiment ( N = 1626) to examine the effects of instructing information, an important theoretical keystone in crisis communication research, in predicting two key outcomes in the literature—protective behavioral intentions and message retransmission intentions. Given the communicative context, high‐impact weather warnings, we additionally considered the moderating role of linguistic features use in predicting these outcomes. Based upon theory and research in this area, we examined the mediating roles of self‐efficacy and perceived instructing information in predicting protective behavioral intentions and message retransmission intentions, respectively. Results mainly support our hypotheses. The instructing information conditions predicted the proposed intervening variable, which in turn predicted both outcomes. Linguistic features use moderated the direct effect of instructing information in predicting protective behavioral intentions, but not message retransmission intentions. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for crisis communication theory and practice.

PURPOSE: To reduce falls in hospitalized patients with mental disorders, the patients should be sensitive to fall risk perception. This study identified the sensitivity to fall risk perceptions and associated factors, including demographic, clinical, and fall-related factors, among inpatients with mental disorders. METHODS: We used a descriptive, cross-sectional design, recruiting 170 inpatients with mental disorders from two psychiatric hospitals in South Korea. Sensitivity to fall risk perception was classified using fall occurrence and the Fall Risk Perception Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of falls was 16.5%. Approximately 47% of falls occurred within 10 days of hospitalization, 67.9% within 1 month, and 85.7% within 2 months. Among the 28 participants who fell, 60.7% had inadequate low sensitivity to fall risk perception. Among the 142 participants who did not fall, 11.3% had inadequate high sensitivity to fall risk perception. A low sensitivity to fall risk perception was related to diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms, and fall history due to the mental disorder. A high sensitivity to fall risk perception was related to age at the onset of the mental disorder, urinary or bowel problems, and fear of falling. The multiple logistic regression analysis found that the diagnosis and fall history due to the mental disorder were associated with inadequate low sensitivity, and age at the onset and fear of falling were associated with inadequate high sensitivity to fall risk perception. CONCLUSION: Over 60% of patients who fell had low sensitivity to fall risk perception. Inadequate low and high sensitivity to fall risk perception are related to the demographic, clinical, and fall-related characteristics among inpatients with mental disorders. Therefore, nurses should assess fall risk perception, consider these factors together during this assessment, and manage them appropriately in hospitalized patients with mental disorders.

The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of a Korean Ayurveda mind-body balance education program, suggest directions for developing a mind-body healing education program , and provide basic data for developing a mind-body balance education program. To this end, the first expert verification was conducted on 10 people to verify the suitability of the design and content of the Korean Ayurveda mind-body balance education program. A second expert verification was conducted on five additional people. As a result, it was confirmed that the verification items were suitable. In addition, experts who participated in the implementation verification evaluated that participation in the training was helpful in cultivating mind-body balance and self-healing abilities, was of practical help in daily life, and were overall satisfied with the training. Korean Ayurveda mind-body balance education programs have been shown to help individuals develop self-healing abilities to maintain their physical and mental health. Since self-healing ability is an important competency required throughout one's life, the Korean Ayurveda mind-body balance education program can be said to be meaningful as an aspect of lifelong education.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of psychiatric nurses providing care for inpatients with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Data were collected from 18 April to 10 July 2023. Eleven psychiatric nurses in closed psychiatric units were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. In-depth individual interviews were conducted for data collection, and reflexive thematic analysis was used for data analysis and the development of themes. Results: The five resulting themes were as follows: ‘prioritizing infection control over psychiatric nursing duties’, ‘increased burden of nursing care due to the complexities of mental illness’, ‘challenges in closed wards due to staffing shortages and susceptibility to infection’, ‘providing optimal psychiatric nursing care with limited resources’, and ‘change and growth of psychiatric nurses through the pandemic crisis’. Conclusion: Training in infection control and crisis response should be provided to psychiatric nurses in preparation for future pandemic crises. Facility and personnel support, guidelines, and patient education strategies that account for psychiatric characteristics should be provided. In addition, stress management and burnout prevention programs for psychiatric nurses are needed.

This quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group study developed an eight-session post-traumatic growth program for teachers who had experienced violence from students and/or parents and examined its effects on rumination, burnout, and post-traumatic growth. A convenience sample was recruited from 11 elementary schools in Jeonbuk province, South Korea. The experimental group (n = 27) participated in bi-weekly sessions over four weeks, whereas the control group (n = 27) read educational materials on post-traumatic growth during the same period. The experimental group exhibited significantly greater decreases in intrusive rumination and higher post-traumatic growth than the control group. The program could be an effective intervention to assist traumatized teachers.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance and implementation level of the 4C competencies of prospective early childhood teachers. The subjects of the study were 171 prospective early childhood teachers attending a 4-year university located in G Metropolitan City. The research tool used was a modified and supplemented questionnaire developed by Park Soo-jeong et al. (2020). Data analysis was performed using paired samples t-test and IPA. The research results are as follows. First, prospective early childhood teachers’ awareness of the importance of the 4C competencies was higher than their level of implementation. Second, the competencies that must be maintained continuously are communication and collaboration, and the competencies that require recognition and improvement are creativity and critical thinking. Through this, teacher training institutions will need to develop and apply a variety of competency-based curricula that can enhance the importance and implementation of creativity and critical thinking of prospective early childhood teachers.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe sleep disturbances and identify associated factors in adolescent smokers in South Korea. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 520 students aged 12-17 years from 35 schools to participate in a smoking cessation program. To compare demographic, smoking-related, psychological, and problem behavior characteristics between adolescent smokers with sleep disturbances and without sleep disturbances, chi-square tests and independent t tests were used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with sleep disturbances in adolescent smokers. Approximately 45.8% of adolescent smokers reported sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were more frequent among girls than among boys and more frequent among high school students than among middle school students. Other factors included cigarette use within 1 month, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation self-efficacy, depression, Internet addiction, and suicidal ideation. Gender (girls), school level (high school), depression, Internet addiction, and daily cigarette use (11 or more cigarettes) were significantly associated with sleep disturbances in adolescent smokers. To improve the sleep quality of adolescent smokers, health professionals should focus on sleep disturbances and associated factors and develop appropriate intervention programs.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the perceived stress, internalized stigma, and psychological well-being of psychiatric inpatients. Methods: A non-equivalent control group study with a pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were obtained from the closed wards of a psychiatric hospital in K-city. A total of 45 people were included in this study, 22 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group. The pre, post, and follow-up scores of both the experimental and control groups were obtained using the Korea Perceived Stress Scale, the Korea Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Korea Psychological Well-Being Scale to validate the effectiveness of the program. A 45 minute program was performed twice weekly for three weeks. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (F=6.92, p=.002) and internalized stigma (F=22.76, p<.001), and a significant improvement in psychological well-being (F=38.34, p<.001) in the experimental group. Conclusion: A mindfulness-based stress reduction program could be implemented as an intervention to reduce perceived stress and internalized stigma and enhance psychological well-being in psychiatric inpatients.

미국은 2차 세계대전 이후 전후 처리 문제를 위해 국무부 내에 ‘전후 외교정책 자문위원회’를 설치했다. 이 위원회가 다루었던 논의 주제 중 가장 중요한 것의 하나는 트란실바니아에 관한 것이었다. 여러 차례의 수정 제안을 거쳐 1944년 10월 미국의 입장으로 제안된 방안은 트란실바니아 전체 또는 대부분을 루마니아에 반환하고, 제1차 세계대전 종전 당시 루마니아에 주어졌던 좁은 지역을 헝가리에 반환하는 것이었다. 초기 미국의 입장은 장기적으로 헝가리에 관대한 방향으로 영토문제를 고려하는 것이었지만, 1944년 말부터 소련의 태도와 군사적 승리로 인해 트란실바니아에 관한 정책 목표를 변경하는 쪽으로 선회했다. 영국 외무부는 1939년 토인비를 수장으로 하는 ‘해외조사공보국’을 설립했다. 이 기구는 소속과 명칭이 변하긴 하였지만, 2차 대전 말까지 여러 소위원회를 구성하여 도나우 지역과 관련한 민족 긴장, 국경 분쟁, 정치적·경제적 협력 문제, 일반 안보 정책 등을 다루었다. 2차대전 후반부로 들어오면서 이들의 제안에 따라 영국의 동유럽 정책은 소련과 보조를 맞추는 쪽으로 기울었고, 소련에 대한 태도는 더욱 관대해졌다. 1944년 10월 모스크바 외무장관 회의에서 처칠의 제안(백분율 협정)에 따라 동유럽 국가들이 소련과 영국의 영향권으로 나뉘었다. 영국의 이러한 태도는 영국이 헝가리를 포함한 동유럽의 상황에 대해 소련의 우위를 인정하는 것이었는데, 그 이유는 영국이 과거에 동유럽에 가지고 있었던 영향력을 상실했다는 점을 현실적으로 인정했기 때문이다. 결국 2차 대전이후 동유럽은 소련의 의도대로 재편되었으며, 동유럽 국가들은 공산주의 국가가 되었다. 냉전은 이렇게 시작되었다.

PURPOSE: This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis and photovoice methods to explore the meaning of non-suicidal self-injury experienced by adolescents. METHODS: Participants were adolescents enrolled in middle and high schools in Gyeonggi-do and Jeollabuk-do who were selected through snowball sampling. Six participants had repeatedly engaged in self-injurious behavior for over a year. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and the photovoice method between November 2020 and July 2021. The collected data were analyzed using six steps of interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: The results yielded 5 main themes and 18 subthemes. The main themes were 'a silent cry to an indifferent world', 'a heartache that one endures with scars', 'an inescapable cycle', 'filling the space in one's heart', and 'healing the wounds'. The study findings revealed that the self-injurious behavior of adolescents began as a consequence of feeling lost and struggling with conflicts at home and school, which helped them relieve tension and pain. Nonetheless, inflicting self-injury only left signs of regret and remorse, which became a trace that the participants wanted to hide. However, the wounds healed after receiving attention and support from others. They were determined to stop engaging in repeated self-injurious behaviors and made efforts to do so. CONCLUSION: This study can be used as a basis for the development of educational programs to prevent non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. Additionally, it can inform nursing interventions that focus on building support systems to help adolescents who attempt self-injury.