Arvind Narayanaswamy

This study presents various microwave reactor designs specifically engineered for continuous microwave CO2 desorption, marking a significant advancement in microwave-heating systems. This study explored both horizontal and vertical continuous microwave reactor configurations. The horizontal design incorporates a modified conveyor belt system with cleated belts and Teflon sidewalls, rendering it particularly suitable for the regeneration of gas. Conversely, the vertical design utilizes a cascade gate opening mechanism, facilitating precise control over the microwave intensity and exposure duration. The efficiency of microwave power utilization was enhanced through the numerical modeling and optimization of the reactor dimensions. This study assessed the impact of waveguide placement, cavity size, and sorbent material thickness on power absorption and heating. The findings indicate that strategic waveguide positioning and optimal cavity dimensions significantly influence the microwave energy distribution and absorption, leading to reduced hotspots and more uniform heating. This study offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of microwave reactors for CO2 desorption, contributing to more efficient and effective commercial applications of this technology. These results underscore the potential of microwave technology to revolutionize desorption processes and pave the way for further advancements in this domain. Design 2 exhibited more uniform heating owing to its slower and controlled temperature increase, making it more suitable for applications requiring consistent thermal performance over extended periods.

Due to age factor, children are underage or lower age, they are vulnerable and depending upon their parents and guardians for their livelihood. However, due to poverty, backwardness and illiteracy of parents, children have been undergone to vulnerable which leads child labour, exploitation, misuse and abuse of children. Besides, child labour prevents the children from their physical, mental growth and over all personality development. Indeed, children are the assets of society and a well development of future course of society depends upon the children only. Perhaps, industrialization and migration were made children more vulnerable and deprived of their rights. However, it is the obligation of the state and society to protect the rights of children to combat against child labour, because children are also considered as human beings and all human rights are equally applicable to them. Indeed, at the International level Several ILO Conventions, United Nations Human Rights Declarations, Covenants, Conventions and Protocols were adopted to com bat against child labour . Similarly at the national level several Constitutional Provisions, separate Legislations and several Governmental measures are also provided to regulate child labour and protect the rights of children.

Thermodynamics is a fundamental topic of continuum mechanics and biomechanics, with a wide range of applications to physiological and biological processes. This study addresses two fundamental limitations of current thermodynamic treatments. First, thermodynamics tables distributed online by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) report properties of fluids as a function of absolute temperature T and absolute pressure P. These properties include mass density ρ, specific internal energy u, enthalpy h=u+P/ρ, and entropy s. However, formulations of jump conditions across phase boundaries derived from Newton's second law of motion and the first law of thermodynamics employ the gauge pressure p=P-Pr, where Pr is an arbitrarily selected referential absolute pressure. Interchanging p with P is not innocuous as it alters tabulated NIST values for u while keeping h and s unchanged. Using p for functions of state and governing equations solves the problem with using NIST entries for the specific internal energy u in standard thermodynamics tables and analyses of phase transformation in continuum mechanics. Second, constitutive models for the free energy of fluids, such as water and air, are not typically provided in standard thermodynamics treatments. This study proposes a set of constitutive models and validates them against suitably modified NIST data.