Wei Li

In this paper, we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission, which has been fully approved for launch in 2030. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density, gravity, and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s, as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of: (1) the cutting-edge technology, technical specifications, and anticipated performance of the mission’s scientific instruments; (2) the full mission profile, encompassing spacecraft design, operational capabilities, and ground segment infrastructure.

Abstract Crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells offer exceptional efficiency but are limited by their reliance on costly low‐temperature silver pastes for metallization. The high price and supply instability of silver present significant challenges to terawatt‐scale photovoltaic deployment, prompting the need for cost‐effective, SHJ‐compatible electrode alternatives. Solution‐processable 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have emerged as promising candidates, yet their adoption is hindered by poor interfacial compatibility and oxidation susceptibility. Here, these challenges are addressed through a synergistic materials and interface engineering strategy. Amino acid‐functionalized MXenes enable tunable work function and significantly improve oxidation resistance, while maintaining high conductivity after 45 days in ambient conditions. Concurrently, a tailored hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the substrate effectively reduces interfacial contact resistance. The resulting SHJ solar cells with spray‐coated double‐sided MXene electrodes achieve a maximum efficiency of 24.96%, exceeding that of evaporated silver‐based counterparts. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices retain over 90% of their initial efficiency after 200 days in ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the viability of MXenes as high‐performance, low‐cost electrodes and offer a practical route toward silver‐free silicon photovoltaics.

With the large-scale access of distributed PV and other strongly fluctuating loads to the grid, problems such as voltage overruns and power fluctuations are becoming more and more prominent, and the contradiction between economy and stability of power system is becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective reactive power optimization strategy for distribution networks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). By constructing a multi-objective reactive power optimization model that takes into account voltage stability and comprehensive operating cost, and transforming it into a multi-objective Markov decision process (MOMDP), the improved multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (IMODRL) based on multi-objective deep Q network (MODQN) and multi-objective soft actor critic (MOSAC) is applied to solve this problem. Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the voltage stability of distribution network, coordinate multiple resources in the distribution network, and achieve optimal dispatch while ensuring economy.

Abstract Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible high-strength polymer that has been receiving growing attention for bone implant applications. However, the chemical inertness of PEEK surface prevents osseointegration, resulting in poor cell attachment and greatly reduced bonding force with bone. Thus, a porous PEEK structure, and ideally a graded porous structure, is desired for PEEK-based implants. A novel PEEK implant fabrication method was recently developed based on immiscible polymer blending of PEEK and polyether sulfone (PES). A key step in the PEEK implant fabrication process is annealing, where the immiscible PEEK and PES undergo phase separation and coarsening, forming a co-continuous structure that, upon subsequent leaching of PES, creates an interconnected porous PEEK structure. The phase separation and coarsening process is critical to the proposed fabrication process, because it controls the pore size and gradient structure of the porous PEEK implant. In this study, we develop a two-dimensional (2D) process model based on the phase-field theory to understand the phase separation and growth process of PEEK/PES. Simulations were performed under various process conditions. The developed model provides qualitative understanding of the PEEK/PES annealing process and offers critical insights for optimizing high-strength porous PEEK fabrication.

In this paper we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission, which has been fully approved for launch in 2030. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density, gravity, and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030's, as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of: 1) the cutting-edge technology, technical specifications, and anticipated performance of the mission's scientific instruments; 2) the full mission profile, encompassing spacecraft design, operational capabilities, and ground segment infrastructure.

BACKGROUND: S, NaHS can act as a nucleophile to break the disulfide bond of proteins and convert sulfhydryl group (-SH) of cysteine to the persulfide group (-SSH), which will promote formation of S-persulfidation and de-polymerization of seed globulins. OBJECTIVE: S signal pathway in the freezing tolerance of hydrated brassica seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydrated brassica (Brassica oleracea) seeds were treated with 5 mM NaHS to reduce the disulfide bonds of seed globulins and its effect on seed freezing tolerance was investigated. RESULTS: NaHS treatment increased embryo supercooling as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and seed survival upon slow cooling (control vs NaHS, 30.0% vs 45.3%). NaHS treatment resulted in a significant increase of sulfhydryl groups of storage globulin, indicating the reduction of disulfide bonds. The 2D electrophoresis showed the depolymerization of storage globulins and the accumulation of small polypeptides. In addition, NaHS treatment increased the contents of ascorbate and glutathione for anti-oxidation. CONCLUSION: S signal pathway is likely involved in the freezing tolerance of hydrated brassica seeds via the de-polymerization and hydrolysis of seed storage globulins, as well as the regulation of supercooling. Doi.org/10.54680/fr25310110312.

-type strains, and there were continuous evolution and variation in the prevalence of virulence genes in GAS.

Abstract Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a popular choice for medical implants, with significant research focusing on developing porous PEEK structures to improve cell adhesion and ingrowth. A novel fabrication process for porous PEEK implants was recently introduced using immiscible polymer blending with polyether sulfone (PES) as a sacrificial phase. In this study, a computational phase separation model for PEEK/PES immiscible blends is developed by integrating the phase-field theory and thermo-fluid dynamics. Physical properties of the polymers were incorporated, and both 2D and 3D simulations were conducted. The 3D model was validated against experimental data, providing a quantitative understanding of the PEEK/PES phase separation process. By comparing with experimental results, the model enables the estimation of material properties that are challenging to measure and offers critical insights for optimizing the PEEK implant fabrication process.

BACKGROUND: Chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) is a common condition often associated with damage to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). In cases where CLAI is accompanied by subtalar instability (STI) due to calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injury, the optimal surgical approach remains controversial. While isolated ATFL repair has been shown to effectively restore ankle joint stability, it may be insufficient to address the subtalar joint instability caused by CFL damage. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of CFL repair by comparing the outcomes of isolated ATFL repair versus combined ATFL and CFL repair. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with CLAI in conjunction with STI from January 2018 to January 2022. Participants were divided into two groups: one underwent isolated ATFL repair (ATFL group), and the other underwent combined ATFL and CFL repair (ATFL + CFL group). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AH), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, while radiological outcomes were evaluated by MRI and stress radiographs. RESULTS: All the functional scores significantly improved in both groups post-surgery. However, the ATFL + CFL group demonstrated superior functional recovery, with higher AOFAS scores and greater reductions in VAS pain scores compared to the ATFL group. Radiological evaluation indicated better restoration of subtalar joint stability in the ATFL + CFL group. At the final follow-up, 3 cases of recurrent instability were observed in the isolated ATFL repair group. No significant difference in other complication rates was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the importance of CFL repair in patients with CLAI in conjunction with STI. While isolated ATFL repair is effective for ankle joint stability, combined ATFL and CFL repair offers superior outcomes by addressing both ankle and subtalar joint instability. These findings suggest that CFL repair should be considered in surgical planning for patients with STI to optimize functional recovery and long-term stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Abstract Recent advances in van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study, we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP 2 S 6 / α -In 2 Se 3 /Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP 2 S 6 / α -In 2 Se 3 heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α -In 2 Se 3 . Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.

Abstract Rechargeable Li||I 2 batteries based on liquid organic electrolytes suffer from pronounced polyiodides shuttling and safety concerns, which can be potentially tackled by the use of solid-state electrolytes. However, current all-solid-state Li||I 2 batteries only demonstrate limited capacity based on a two-electron I − /I 2 polyiodides chemistry at elevated temperatures, preventing them from rivaling state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a fast, stable and high-capacity four-electron solid-conversion I − /I 2 /I + chemistry in all-solid-state Li||I 2 batteries at room temperature. Through the strategic use of a highly conductive, chlorine-rich solid electrolyte Li 4.2 InCl 7.2 as the catholyte, we effectively activate the I 2 /I + redox couple. This activation is achieved through a robust I-Cl interhalogen interaction between I 2 and the catholyte, facilitated by an interface-mediated heterogeneous oxidation mechanism. Moreover, apart from serving as Li-ion conduction pathway, the Li 4.2 InCl 7.2 catholyte is demonstrated to show a reversible redox behavior and contribute to the electrode capacity without compromising its conductivity. Based on the I − /I 2 /I + four-electron chemistry, the as-designed all-solid-state Li||I 2 batteries deliver a high specific capacity of 449 mAh g -1 at 44 mA g -1 based on I 2 mass and an impressive cycling stability over 600 cycles with a capacity retention of 91% at 440 mA g -1 and at 25 °C.

Two-dimensional superconductors exhibit intriguing quantum physical phenomena and hold promising potential for superconducting circuit applications due to their inherently broken inversion symmetry, which can introduce additional degrees of freedom related to spin or momentum. Achieving chemical stability in atomic layer 2D superconductors, including mechanical exfoliation and film deposition, remains both fundamentally and technologically challenging. Naturally, interfacial superconductivity, enclosed and safeguarded between two materials, is considered an ideal two-dimensional candidate, providing a stable and immaculate platform to explore correlated phenomena with inversion symmetry breaking in the 2D limit. Here, we report a Rashba spin–orbit coupling induced momentum-dependent superconducting order parameter in the inversion symmetry breaking heterointerface superconductor Ti2O3/GaN. Remarkably, nonlinear responses emerge in the superconducting transition regime when the magnetic field is precisely aligned parallel to the interface and perpendicular to the applied current. In particular, the observed nonreciprocal supercurrent is extremely sensitive to the direction of the field for 0.5°, suggestive of a crossover from a symmetry breaking state to a symmetric one. Our finding unveils the underlying rich physical properties in heterointerface superconductors, providing an exciting opportunity for the development of novel mesoscopic superconducting devices.

The realization of two-dimensional multiferroics offers significant potential for nanoscale device functionality. However, type-I two-dimensional multiferroics with strong magnetoelectric coupling, enabling electric field control of spin, remain scarce. In this study, using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we predict that the niobium phthalocyanine covalent organic framework (NbPc COF) monolayer exhibits type-I multiferroic behavior, with a ferroelectric transition occurring above room temperature. Remarkably, the strong magnetoelectric coupling in NbPc COF monolayer arises from the same origin of magnetism and ferroelectricity. Our findings offer flexible pathways for the design and development of organic nanoscale multiferroic devices with broad applications.

We propose a strategy to regulate the spin states of single transition metal atoms on N-doped graphene by applying strain, which effectively weakens the scaling relationship and thereby boosts the activity and selectivity of ammonia synthesis.

Different Li-filament growth patterns have been experimentally observed in numerous solid electrolytes (SEs) with high ionic conductivity such as garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) and argyrodite Li 6 PS 5 Cl (LPSC). Herein, we probed the mechanical and electronic properties of LPSC, using density functional theory calculations, and compared with other SEs to determine the relevant descriptors for predicting Li-filament resistance. LPSC has a complicated structure that can incorporate S 2– /Cl – inversion and has Li + distributed among two Wyckoff sites (24g and 48h). A representative bulk structure that incorporates both phenomena was determined via systematic structure sampling. The lowest energy bulk structures had a majority of Li + in 48h sites after relaxation, agreeing with experimental studies. The Young’s modulus and shear modulus of bulk LPSC are low, ∼10–30 GPa, and the fracture energy of cleaving along the (100)-Li 2 S-deficient surface is also low, 0.20 J/m 2, suggesting poor mechanical resistance to filament growth. The crack surfaces and pore surfaces in LPSC have a similar bandgap and excess electron distribution compared to bulk LPSC, suggesting that these internal defects will not trap electrons to reduce Li + to Li-metal. Thus, LPSC is likely to experience “dry” cracks, with a mechanical crack opening up first, followed by a Li-filament filling the crack. This is opposite to LLZO, which has a high fracture energy and experiences electron localization at internal defects (e.g., crack surfaces, pore surfaces, and grain boundaries). LLZO has been experimentally observed to suffer “wet” cracks.

Smart materials have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing thermal efficiency and regulating light infiltration within the context of architectural energy management [1]. Recent advancements have focused on incorporating thermo-chromic materials into transparent elements like windows and skylights, facilitating autonomous control of radiative heat transfer in response to external environmental changes and eliminating the need for external energy sources [2]. Considerable efforts have been made to enhance the functionality of existing thermochromic materials through the restructuring of smart window architectures

The emergence of quantum metallic state marked by a saturating finite electrical resistance in the zero-temperature limit in a variety of 2D superconductors injects an exciting momentum into the realm of heterostructure superconductivity. Despite much research effort over the last few decades, there is not yet a general consensus on the nature of this unexpected quantum metal. Here, we report the observation of a unique quantum metallic state within the hallmark of Bose-metal in Ti 2 O 3 /GaN. Remarkably, the quantum bosonic metallic state continuously tuned by a magnetic field in the vicinity of the two-dimensional superconductivity-metal transition persists in the normal phase, indicating the existence of composite bosons formed by electron Cooper pairs even in the normal phase. Our findings provide distinct evidence for electron pairing in the normal phase of heterointerface superconductors and shed fresh light on the pairing nature underlying heterointerface superconductivity.

Abstract Machine learning has been widely applied in physics research. Although unsupervised learning can extract the critical points of phase transitions, the percolation model remains a challenge. Unsupervised learning using the raw configurations of the percolation model fails to capture the critical points. To capture the configuration characteristics of the percolation model, this paper proposes using the maximum cluster as input to the neural network. It is well understood that the order parameter of the percolation model is not simply the particle density, but rather the probability that a given site or bond belongs to the percolating cluster. Additionally, we introduce the use of a Siamese Neural Network (SNN) to detect percolation phase transitions. Unlike unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods or supervised binary classification outputs, the SNN produces a scalar output referred to as similarity. By combining the maximum cluster and the SNN, we not only successfully extract the critical value of the percolation model, but also calculate the correlation exponent via data collapse. We believe that the SNN has great potential in handling phase transition classification problems and can serve as a reference for studying other phase transition systems.

Abstract Spatial and temporal precisely control of direction and speed is crucial for nanomotors to enable complex operations and applications in microsurgery, drug delivery, isolation of biological targets, and so on. Judicious material design involving Janus nanoparticles has been popular over the past decades, however, precise and customizable modulation of Janus structure with a specific asymmetric ratio for motion control is still challenging. In this study, a universal “interface allocation” strategy is developed for efficient and controllable preparation of Janus mesoporous silica‐coated upconversion nanoparticles (Janus UCNP@mSiO 2 ) with precisely tuned asymmetric ratio to achieve near‐infrared (NIR)‐controlled active mobility for relieving vessel plaque. Mesoporous silica with a thickness of 50 nm is precisely coated onto the nanoparticles’ surface with an optimal coverage ratio of 50% to encapsulate gas propellant. Upon exposure to upconverted blue light, the nanomotors release nitric oxide, facilitating their motion and pathologically improving atherosclerosis through endothelium‐dependent vasodilation. Experimental and theoretical simulation results demonstrate the advantages of NIR‐controlled Janus upconversion nanomotors in atherosclerosis treatment, including enhanced nanoparticle‐transmittance rate (34.83% to 85.57%) and excellent in vivo therapeutic efficacy.

The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is a long-standing issue in superconductivity due to the antagonistic nature of these two ordered states. Experimentally identifying and characterizing novel heterointerface superconductors that coexist with magnetism presents significant challenges. Here, we report the observation of two-dimensional long-range ferromagnetic order in a KTaO 3 heterointerface superconductor, showing the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism. Remarkably, our direct current superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal an in-plane magnetization hysteresis loop persisting above room temperature. Moreover, first-principles calculations and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements provide decisive insights into the origin of the observed robust ferromagnetism, attributing it to oxygen vacancies that localize electrons in nearby Ta 5 d states. Our findings suggest KTaO 3 heterointerfaces as time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductors, injecting fresh momentum into the exploration of the intricate interplay between superconductivity and magnetism enhanced by the strong spin–orbit coupling inherent to the heavy Ta in 5 d orbitals.

Arthroscopically repairing the ATFL and CFL separately can effectively restore the stability of the ankle and subtalar joint with small trauma. Patients can recover quickly after surgery. It provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of CLAI combined with STI.

The wide application of machine learning (ML) techniques in statistics physics has presented new avenues for research in this field. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised learning method based on Siamese Neural Networks (SNN), trying to explore the potential of neural network (NN) in the study of critical behaviors beyond the approaches of supervised and unsupervised learning. By focusing on the (1+1) dimensional bond directed percolation (DP) model of nonequilibrium phase transition and the 2 dimensional Ising model of equilibrium phase transition, we use the SNN to predict the critical values and critical exponents of the systems. Different from traditional ML methods, the input of SNN is a set of configuration data pairs and the output prediction is similarity, which prompts to find an anchor point of data for pair comparison during the test. In our study, during test we set different bond probability $p$ or temperature $T$ as anchors, and discuss the impact of the configurations at this anchors on predictions. In addition, we use an iterative method to find the optimal training interval to make the algorithm more efficient, and the prediction results are comparable to other ML methods.

Long-duration exploration missions require a paradigm shift in the design and manufacturing of space architectures. Humidity is a basic but crucial parameter of the environment and human health that needs to be monitored. Flexible sensors are considered consumable and current manufacturing techniques are not applicable due to limits of the technology in a space environment, the operation cost, and the allowable space. In this paper, we demonstrated a case study of “In Space Production Applications (InSPA)”. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technology is capable of manufacturing circuits in micro-gravity due to its unique mechanism, to fabricate a high-sensitivity flexible humidity sensor. The sensor shows very competitive sensitivity and response time compared to other previous work. The wireless human respiratory monitoring circuits were built based on the sensor and showed good accuracy and sensitivity to monitor the respiratory rate and amplitude for humans.

Abstract Single‐component ambipolar polymers are highly desirable for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and integration into complementary logic circuits with reduced process complexity. However, they often suffer from imbalanced p‐type and n‐type characteristics and/or stability issues. Herein, a novel single‐component ambipolar polymer, namely, gIDT–BBT is reported based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the electron donor, benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) as the electron acceptor and oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) as the side chain. Benefitting from the extended backbone planarity and rigidity of IDT, pronounced electron‐withdrawing capability of BBT, favored ionic transport from OEG together with vertical OECT device structure, a nearly balanced ambipolar OECT performance is achieved for gIDT–BBT, revealing a high transconductance of 155.05 ± 1.58/27.28 ± 0.92 mS, a high current on/off ratio >10 6 and an excellent operational stability under both p‐type and n‐type operation conditions. With gIDT–BBT in hand, furthermore, vertically stacked complementary inverters are successfully fabricated to show a maximum voltage gain of 28 V V −1 ( V IN = 0.9 V) and stable operation over 1000 switching cycles, and then used for efficient electrooculogram recording. This work provides a new approach for the development of ambipolar single‐component organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors and establishes a foundation for the manufacture of high‐performance ambipolar OECTs and associated complementary circuits.

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Drought events have been linked with the enhancements of organic aerosols (OA), but the mechanisms have not been comprehensively understood. This study investigates the relationships between the monthly standardized precipitation&ndash;evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and surface OA in the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the summertime from 1998 to 2019. OA under severe drought conditions shows a significant increase in mass concentrations across most of the CONUS relative to non-drought periods with the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Southeastern United States (SEUS) experiencing the highest average enhancement of 1.79&thinsp;&micro;g&thinsp;m^&minus;3 (112&thinsp;%) and 0.92&thinsp;&micro;g&thinsp;m^&minus;3 (33&thinsp;%), respectively. In the SEUS, a linear regression approach between OA and sulfate was used to estimate the isoprene epoxydiols derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX SOA), which is the primary driver of the OA enhancements under droughts due to the simultaneous increase of isoprene and sulfate. The rise of sulfate is mainly caused by the reduced wet deposition because of the up to 62 % lower precipitation amount. In the PNW, OA enhancements are closely linked to intensified wildfire emissions, which raise OA mass concentrations to be four to eight times higher relative to non-fire conditions. All ten Earth system models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) can capture the negative slopes between SPEI and OA in the PNW with CESM2-WACCM and GFDL-ESM4 performing the best and worst in predicting the OA enhancement under severe droughts. However, all models significantly underestimate the OA increase in the SEUS with Nor-ESM2-LM and MIRCO6 showing relatively better performance. This study reveals the key drivers of the elevated OA levels under droughts in the CONUS and underscores the deficiencies of current climate models in their predictive capacity for assessing the impact of future droughts on air quality.

Recently, there has been a notable surge in interest regarding reclaiming valuable chemicals from waste plastics. However, the energy-intensive conventional thermal catalysis does not align with the concept of sustainable development. Herein, we report a sustainable electrocatalytic approach allowing the selective synthesis of glycolic acid (GA) from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) over a Pd 67 Ag 33 alloy catalyst under ambient conditions. Notably, Pd 67 Ag 33 delivers a high mass activity of 9.7 A mg Pd −1 for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and GA Faradaic efficiency of 92.7 %, representing the most active catalyst for selective GA synthesis. In situ experiments and computational simulations uncover that ligand effect induced by Ag incorporation enhances the GA selectivity by facilitating carbonyl intermediates desorption, while the lattice mismatch-triggered tensile strain optimizes the adsorption of *OH species to boost reaction kinetics. This work unveils the synergistic of strain and ligand effect in alloy catalyst and provides guidance for the design of future catalysts for PET upcycling. We further investigate the versatility of Pd 67 Ag 33 catalyst on CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) and assemble EGOR//CO 2 RR integrated electrolyzer, presenting a pioneering demonstration for reforming waste carbon resource (i.e., PET and CO 2 ) into high-value chemicals.

ofcatalytic DNAzyme activity has been achieved in the Research Article (e202404064) by Lele Li, Mengyuan Li et al. Molecular weaving activatable DNAzyme into the skeleton of tetrahedral DNAnanocages not only enables efficient intracellular delivery with improved biostability,but also allows for lighttriggered on-demand liberation of DNAzyme and thus conditional control of catalytic gene regulation function.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system. The pattern of immune checkpoint expression in GBM remains largely unknown. We performed snRNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomic (ST) analyses on untreated GBM samples. 8 major cell types were found in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, with variations in infiltration grade. Neoplastic cells_6 was identified in malignant cells with high expression of invasion and proliferator-related genes, and analyzed its interactions with microglia, MDM cells and T cells. Significant alterations in ligand-receptor interactions were observed, particularly between Neoplastic cells_6 and microglia, and found prominent expression of VISTA/VSIG3, suggesting a potential mechanism for evading immune system attacks. High expression of TIM-3, VISTA, PSGL-1 and VSIG-3 with similar expression patterns in GBM, may have potential as therapeutic targets. The prognostic value of VISTA expression was cross-validated in 180 glioma patients, and it was observed that patients with high VISTA expression had a poorer prognosis. In addition, multimodal cross analysis integrated SnRNA-seq and ST, revealing complex intracellular communication and mapping the GBM tumor microenvironment. This study reveals novel molecular characteristics of GBM, co-expression of immune checkpoints, and potential therapeutic targets, contributing to improving the understanding and treatment of GBM.

Nontrivial topological superconductivity has received enormous attention due to its potential applications in topological quantum computing. The intrinsic issue concerning the correlation between a topological insulator and a superconductor is, however, still widely open. Here, we systemically report an emergent superconductivity in a cross junction composed of a magnetic topological insulator ${\mathrm{MnBi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{4}$ and a conventional superconductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$. Remarkably, the interface indicates the existence of a reduced superconductivity at the surface of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ and a proximity-effect-induced superconductivity at the surface of ${\mathrm{MnBi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{4}$. Furthermore, the in-plane angular-dependent magnetoresistance measurements unveil distinctive features indicative of unconventional pairing symmetry in these superconducting gaps. Our findings extend our views and ideas of topological superconductivity in the superconducting heterostructures with time-reversal symmetry breaking, offering an exciting opportunity to elucidate the cooperative effects on the surface state of a topological insulator aligning a superconductor.

Low-dimensional quantum magnets, particularly those with strong spin frustration, are characterized by their notable spin fluctuations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) serves as a sensitive probe of low-energy fluctuations that offers valuable insight into rich magnetic phases and emergent phenomena in quantum magnets. Although experimentally accessible, the numerical simulation of NMR relaxation rates, specifically the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$, remains a significant challenge. Analytical continuation based on Monte Carlo calculations are hampered by the notorious negative sign for frustrated systems, and the real-time simulations incur significant costs to capture low-energy fluctuations. Here we propose computing the relaxation rate using thermal tensor networks (TTNs), which provides a streamlined approach by calculating its imaginary-time proxy. We showcase the accuracy and versatility of our methodology by applying it to one-dimensional spin chains and two-dimensional lattices, where we find that the critical exponents $η$ and $zν$ can be extracted from the low-temperature scalings of the simulated $1/T_1$ near quantum critical points. Our results also provide insights into the low-dimensional and frustrated magnetic materials, elucidating universal scaling behaviors in the Ising chain compound CoNb$_2$O$_6$ and revealing the renormalized classical behaviors in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_8$CoNb$_6$O$_{24}$. We apply the approach to effective model of the family of frustrated magnets AYbCh$_2$ (A = Na, K, Cs, and Ch = O, S, Se), and find dramatic changes from spin ordered to the proposed quantum spin liquid phase. Overall, with high reliability and accuracy, the TTN methodology offers a systematic strategy for studying the intricate dynamics observed across a broad spectrum of quantum magnets and related fields.

The discovery of two-dimensional nontrivial topological insulators has stimulated researchers' enthusiasm to exploit exotic topological quantum states in low dimensions. Here, we study the intriguing topological flat bands in arsenene monolayers decorated with H and transition metal magnetic atoms by using first-principles simulations and tight-binding models. Remarkably, the functionalized As monolayer can exhibit a time-reversal symmetry breaking Chern insulator (CI) with a unique topologically nontrivial flat band formed by an antibonding state of As ${p}_{z}$ and Cr ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbitals. Under applying tensile strain, the As monolayer undergoes a quantum phase transition and behaves as a ferrovalley insulator (FVI). The topological quantum phase transition between CI and FVI is rationalized well by a five-orbital tight-binding model. Our work sheds light on manipulating the rare topological flat bands in layered two-dimensional quantum materials, showing opportunities for promising applications in strongly correlated topological electronics.

A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of loose combined cutting seton surgery on wound healing and pain in patients with high anal fistula, aiming to provide evidence-based medical evidence for surgical method selection for these patients. A comprehensive computerized search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted to collect all relevant studies published up to November 2023, evaluating the effects of loose combined cutting seton surgery in treating patients with high anal fistulas. Two researchers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the identified studies. RevMan 5.4 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 16 articles were included, comprising 1124 patients, with 567 undergoing loose combined cutting seton surgery and 557 undergoing simple cutting seton surgery. The analysis revealed patients undergoing loose combined cutting seton surgery had a higher rate of postoperative wound healing (97.44% vs. 81.69%, odds ratio [OR]: 7.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.29-13.10, p < 0.00001), shorter wound healing time (standardized mean differences [SMD]: -1.48, 95% CI: -1.89 to -1.08, p < 0.00001), lower postoperative wound pain scores (SMD: -2.51, 95% CI: -3.51 to -1.51, p < 0.00001), and a lower rate of postoperative complications (3.43% vs. 20.83%, OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.31, p < 0.00001). The current evidence suggests that compared to simple cutting seton surgery, loose combined cutting seton surgery in treating high anal fistulas can promote postoperative wound healing, shorten wound healing time, alleviate pain, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, making it a worthy clinical practice for widespread application.

Ethosuximide is the first drug reported to protect against age-related hearing loss, but its benefits are hampered by the pronounced side effects generated through systemic administration. We prepared a thermosensitive hydrogel containing ethosuximide-encapsulated multivesicular liposomes (ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel) and evaluated its functional and histological effects on age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice. The MVLs-Gel showed slow sustained-release characteristics up to over 120 h. After 8 weeks of treatment, compared to the oral systemic administration of ethosuximide, intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection dramatically reduced the loss of age-related spiral ganglion neurons in the apical turns of the mice (low-frequency regions, p < 0.05). Correspondingly, compared to the oral systemic administration group, the intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection group showed significantly lower auditory brainstem response threshold shifts at stimulus frequencies of 4, 8, and 16 kHz (low-and middle-frequency regions, p < 0.05). In conclusion, intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection can reach the apical turn of the cochlea, which is extremely difficult with oral systemic administration of the drug. The ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel, as a novel intratympanic sustained-release drug delivery system, attenuated age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice.